How can the temperature of bath water be tested without a thermometer?

Testing the temperature of bath water without a thermometer can effectively be done by using the inside surface of the forearm. This area of the body is sensitive to temperature changes and can provide a more accurate sense of the water's warmth compared to other areas. When water is dropped on the inside of the forearm, the individual can quickly gauge whether the water is too hot, too cold, or at a comfortable temperature.

Using the back of the hand is another common method, but it is not as reliable as the inner forearm since the skin there can have different sensitivities. A kitchen thermometer, while effective, is not acceptable when considering methods that do not involve a thermometer. Feeling the air temperature does not provide an accurate measure of the water temperature, as air temperature can vary significantly from the water’s actual temperature. Thus, assessing the water with the forearm is a practical and precise way to ensure a safe and comfortable bathing experience.