If a client with cardiovascular disease during pregnancy experiences sudden heart failure, what is the most common symptom observed?

Sudden onset of shortness of breath, or dyspnea, is a hallmark symptom of heart failure, particularly in the context of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy. In this scenario, it reflects the inability of the heart to efficiently pump blood, which can lead to a backlog of fluid in the lungs and other areas of the body. This fluid accumulation causes the sensation of breathlessness, often worsening with exertion or when lying flat.

Pregnant women with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions are at a heightened risk for complications, including heart failure, and they may have unique presentations. Dyspnea can be particularly alarming and is often one of the first signs that something is wrong. While other symptoms can accompany heart failure—such as chest pain or severe fatigue—dyspnea tends to be the most immediate indicator of deteriorating cardiovascular status during pregnancy. Prompt recognition of this symptom is crucial for timely intervention and management to ensure the safety of both the mother and the fetus.