Lead poisoning primarily affects which body system?

Lead poisoning primarily affects the nervous system. When lead enters the body, it interferes with the development and functioning of the brain and nervous system. Children are particularly vulnerable, as exposure during critical periods of brain development can lead to cognitive deficits, behavioral issues, and various neurological problems. In adults, lead exposure can lead to neuropathy and cognitive decline.

The nervous system is profoundly impacted because lead mimics essential minerals such as calcium and zinc, disrupting neurotransmitter release and impairing synaptic function. This can result in a range of symptoms, from headaches and irritability to severe cognitive and motor deficits.

While lead exposure may have secondary effects on other systems, such as cardiovascular or renal, the most significant and direct impact occurs in the nervous system, making it the primary body system affected by lead poisoning.