Meningitis is primarily characterized by inflammation of what two structures in the body?

Meningitis is primarily characterized by inflammation of the protective linings of the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. This inflammation can disrupt normal neurological function and lead to severe symptoms. The meninges consist of three layers: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. When the meninges become inflamed, it can cause symptoms such as headache, fever, and stiff neck, which are classic signs of meningitis.

The other options refer to inflammation of different organs or structures that are not typically involved in meningitis. For example, the heart, lungs, and stomach are not part of the central nervous system, and their inflammation would relate to different conditions entirely, such as endocarditis or pneumonia, rather than meningitis. Thus, the correct identification of the brain and its protective linings as being central to meningitis highlights the nature and impact of this serious medical condition.