The primary dietary treatment for uric acid nephrolithiasis is:

The primary dietary treatment for uric acid nephrolithiasis focuses on reducing the intake of purines, which are substances that break down into uric acid in the body. When purine levels are high, this can lead to increased uric acid production and, subsequently, the formation of uric acid stones in the kidneys.

A low purine diet helps to minimize the amount of uric acid the body produces, which is crucial for preventing the formation of these types of kidney stones. Foods high in purines include organ meats, certain fish, and some shellfish, which should be limited or avoided to manage this condition effectively.

In contrast, consuming a high purine diet could exacerbate the problem by increasing uric acid levels, while a low carbohydrate diet does not specifically target uric acid levels. Moderate protein intake may or may not be appropriate, depending on the individual's overall health and dietary needs, but it is not the primary focus for managing uric acid nephrolithiasis.

Thus, the best approach to prevent uric acid stone formation is to follow a low purine diet, making it the most effective dietary treatment for this condition.