To straighten the ear canal in a young child under 3, the pinna should be pulled _______ and ________.

For young children under the age of 3, the anatomy of the ear canal is different from that of adults. The correct technique to straighten the ear canal involves pulling the pinna down and back. This adjustment is necessary because the ear canal in infants and toddlers is positioned more horizontally compared to older children and adults. By pulling the pinna down and back, the channel becomes straighter, allowing for a more direct line for viewing and accessing the tympanic membrane or for inserting instruments.

Using this technique is particularly important to ensure proper examination or treatment, as an improperly angled ear canal could lead to difficulties in visualizing the eardrum or could cause discomfort during procedures. Understanding the anatomical differences is crucial for health care providers working with younger populations to ensure safe and effective ear care.