What are common symptoms of disequilibrium syndrome?

Disequilibrium syndrome is characterized by a range of neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms that are primarily related to disruptions in the body’s homeostatic mechanisms and can occur in various medical conditions, particularly in patients undergoing dialysis.

The symptoms associated with disequilibrium syndrome include a change in level of consciousness, which may manifest as confusion or altered awareness due to the rapid changes in the internal environment of the brain. Nausea and vomiting are common as the body reacts to the altered balance of electrolytes and other substances during treatment. Additionally, headache can occur due to increased intracranial pressure or other related changes in the brain. Twitching, which may be a sign of neuromuscular irritability, is also noted as a response to these fluctuations.

Other options present symptoms that are more closely related to differing conditions. For instance, the first option focuses on respiratory and fever symptoms, which are indicative of infections. The second option describes neurological symptoms that may relate to nerve damage or peripheral neuropathy, rather than the broader systemic effects seen in disequilibrium syndrome. The last option includes symptoms like dry mouth and anemia, which do not align with the primary symptoms characteristic of disequilibrium syndrome.

Therefore, the presence of the mentioned symptoms in conjunction with a