What are the primary causative factors in acne vulgaris?

Acne vulgaris is primarily influenced by several interrelated factors, and the correct choice accurately identifies these key contributors.

Hereditary factors play a significant role because genetics can determine an individual's predisposition to acne, influencing the activity of sebaceous glands and skin cell turnover. This inherited tendency can lead to a greater likelihood of developing acne during puberty and beyond.

Bacterial involvement, particularly the bacteria known as Propionibacterium acnes, is crucial in the development of acne. This bacterium thrives in the oily environment of blocked pores, contributing to inflammation and the development of acne lesions.

Hormonal changes, especially during puberty, menstrual cycles, or conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can significantly influence oil production in the skin. Increased levels of androgens can cause an overproduction of sebum, leading to clogged pores and acne formation.

The skin type of an individual also contributes to acne. Oily skin is particularly prone to developing acne, while people with different skin types may experience varying degrees of acne severity.

Collectively, these factors are essential in understanding the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris, making this answer comprehensive and reflective of the condition’s multifaceted nature.