What are the three most common gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapy?

The three most common gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapy—nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, and stomatitis—are well-documented and significant concerns for patients undergoing cancer treatment.

Nausea and vomiting are often viewed as the hallmark side effects of chemotherapy due to the drugs' effects on the brain's vomiting center and the gastrointestinal tract. These can occur shortly after treatment and can be prolonged, affecting a patient's ability to eat and maintain hydration.

Diarrhea can result from the disruption of the normal intestinal mucosa caused by chemotherapy, leading to decreased absorption and increased bowel movements. This side effect can severely impact a patient's quality of life and nutritional status.

Stomatitis, or inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth, can also be directly caused by chemotherapy. It manifests as sores or ulcers, making it painful for patients to eat or drink, subsequently contributing to a risk of inadequate nutrition.

Given the prevalence and impact these effects have on the well-being of patients, identifying and managing them is critical for healthcare providers. While other options included symptoms pertinent to gastrointestinal issues, they do not represent the most common side effects associated with chemotherapy.