What are three common complications that can arise from a craniotomy?

Diabetes Insipidus, increased intracranial pressure (ICP), and meningitis are recognized complications that can occur following a craniotomy, and understanding these can help in managing patient care effectively.

Diabetes Insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to a deficiency of the hormone vasopressin (or antidiuretic hormone) often resulting from pituitary gland damage during the surgery or trauma to the hypothalamus. This condition is critical to monitor as it can lead to significant fluid and electrolyte imbalances if not addressed.

Increased ICP is another potential complication due to factors such as edema, blood accumulation, or fluid build-up in the cranial cavity after the surgical procedure. Monitoring for signs of increased ICP is vital as it can lead to serious neurological deficits and further complications if not managed promptly.

Meningitis, an infection of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, may occur post-craniotomy due to breaches in the protective barriers during surgery. Immediate recognition and treatment of meningitis are essential, as it can escalate quickly and lead to severe morbidity.

These complications highlight the importance of vigilant postoperative monitoring and care in patients who have undergone a craniotomy to ensure timely identification and management of potential