What change in body composition is commonly seen in Cushing's syndrome?

In Cushing's syndrome, the body often exhibits a characteristic change in fat distribution known as central obesity or truncal obesity. This condition results from excessive cortisol levels, which lead to fat being redistributed to the trunk and abdomen while the extremities become thinner. This phenomenon occurs because cortisol influences metabolic processes and appetite, resulting in increased fat deposition in certain areas of the body.

As a result, individuals with Cushing's syndrome typically present with a rounded face (sometimes referred to as "moon facies"), a fat pad on the back of the neck (often called a "buffalo hump"), and a generally increased waist circumference while the arms and legs appear disproportionately thinner. This specific pattern of fat accumulation is a hallmark sign of the disorder and aids healthcare providers in diagnosing the condition.

The other options do not reflect the typical body composition changes associated with Cushing's syndrome, which is why they do not align with the correct answer. Understanding this characteristic fat distribution is crucial for recognizing the clinical presentation of the condition.