What condition is characterized by the excess production of cortisol?

Cushing's syndrome is a condition that arises due to an excess production of cortisol, which is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. This excess can lead to a variety of symptoms, including weight gain, particularly around the abdomen and face (often referred to as a "moon face"), changes in skin texture, hypertension, and hyperglycemia.

Cushing's syndrome can be caused by various factors, including pituitary tumors that produce excess adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), adrenal tumors that directly produce cortisol, or ectopic ACTH production by other tumors. It is crucial to recognize these symptoms and the underlying hormonal imbalances for proper diagnosis and treatment.

In contrast, other conditions mentioned pertain to different hormonal dysregulations. Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia involves the enlargement of both adrenal glands and can be associated with conditions related to adrenal hormone production but is not solely characterized by excess cortisol. Myxedema refers to severe hypothyroidism and is associated with low thyroid hormone levels, and Conn's disease is associated with the excess production of aldosterone, leading to conditions like hypertension and hypokalemia. Understanding these distinctions clarifies why Cushing's syndrome is specifically defined by cortisol overproduction.