What is a common side effect of severe scoliosis that affects the respiratory system?

Severe scoliosis can lead to significant compromises in respiratory function due to the abnormal curvature of the spine. This curvature can restrict the chest's ability to expand fully when breathing, leading to respiratory muscle weakness and reduced lung capacity. Consequently, as the lungs are unable to expand adequately, individuals may experience dyspnea, which is characterized by difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. This symptom is particularly pronounced during physical activity or exertion when the body's demand for oxygen increases.

Understanding the mechanics of how scoliosis affects the thoracic cavity can elucidate why dyspnea is a common side effect. The severity of the scoliosis directly correlates with the impact on lung volumes and overall respiratory efficiency. While headaches, chest tightness, and frequent coughs can occur in various medical conditions, they are not as directly linked to the physiological consequences of severe scoliosis as dyspnea is. Therefore, the respiratory challenges stemming from the altered structural integrity of the spine make dyspnea a prominent issue for those affected.