What is considered the #1 side effect of antihypertensive medications?

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Orthostatic hypotension is recognized as the primary side effect of antihypertensive medications. This condition occurs when a person experiences a significant drop in blood pressure upon standing up from a seated or lying position, leading to dizziness, lightheadedness, or even fainting. It is particularly important for patients on these medications to be aware of this risk, as it can increase the likelihood of falls and related injuries.

The reason orthostatic hypotension is the most critical side effect relates to how antihypertensives function—they lower blood pressure to manage hypertension. However, this therapeutic effect can unintentionally lead to an excessive reduction in blood pressure when patients shift positions. This side effect underscores the need for patients to rise slowly and report any instances of dizziness to their healthcare provider.

While other side effects like dry mouth, fatigue, and constipation can occur with antihypertensives, they do not carry the same immediate risk of resulting in serious injury or accidents as orthostatic hypotension does. Thus, understanding and recognizing this risk is vital for both patients and healthcare professionals managing hypertensive treatment plans.

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