What is it called when a patient expresses the opposite emotion of what they actually feel?

When a patient expresses the opposite emotion of what they actually feel, this is known as reaction formation. This defense mechanism involves converting unwanted or dangerous thoughts, feelings, or impulses into their opposites. For example, someone who feels angry may instead display an overly friendly demeanor towards the person they are actually angry with, masking their true feelings with exaggerated positive behaviors.

This mechanism is particularly relevant in therapeutic settings, as it can help clinicians understand the underlying emotions a patient may be struggling to acknowledge or express. Recognizing reaction formation can lead to deeper discussions about the patient's true feelings and promote a more comprehensive understanding of their emotional state.

The other choices represent different psychological concepts. Denial involves refusing to accept reality or facts. Projection entails attributing one’s own undesirable feelings or thoughts to someone else. Rationalization is a defense mechanism that involves offering reasonable explanations for behaviors or feelings that may otherwise be unacceptable. Each of these concepts plays a role in understanding a patient's mental state, but they do not specifically address the expression of opposite emotions as effectively as reaction formation does.