What is opisthotonos?

Opisthotonos refers specifically to a medical condition characterized by severe arching of the back, which occurs as a result of intense muscle contractions. This phenomenon is often associated with severe meningeal irritation, such as that found in cases of meningitis or other conditions that irritate the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The posture occurs because of the spasm of muscles, leading to the neck and spine being extended backward while the supporting muscles go into spasm.

When considering the context of central nervous system conditions, opisthotonos acts as a significant clinical sign, indicating a severe level of neurological distress. This finding can help healthcare professionals assess the severity of a patient's condition and make informed decisions about further diagnostics and treatment. Understanding this response is critical in the management of conditions that impact the central nervous system, such as infections, hemorrhages, or significant neurological injuries.