What is the definitive diagnostic test for meningitis?

The definitive diagnostic test for meningitis is a lumbar puncture. This procedure involves collecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the spinal canal and is crucial for diagnosing the presence of inflammation or infection in the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

During a lumbar puncture, healthcare providers can analyze the CSF for specific indicators of meningitis, such as increased white blood cell count, presence of bacteria, proteins, and decreased glucose levels. This analysis helps differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis, which is vital for determining the appropriate treatment.

Other diagnostic methods, such as CT scans or X-rays, can assist in assessing related conditions but do not provide the direct information needed to confirm meningitis. Blood tests can aid in assessing overall health or detecting infections but are not specific enough to diagnose meningitis definitively. Thus, lumbar puncture remains the gold standard for diagnosing this condition.