What is the main function of the luteal phase in the ovarian cycle?

The main function of the luteal phase in the ovarian cycle is to develop and maintain the corpus luteum. After ovulation occurs, which marks the end of the follicular phase, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum. This structure is vital as it secretes progesterone and some estrogen, which are crucial for preparing the uterine lining for a potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum will continue to function and produce hormones to support an early pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will eventually degenerate, leading to a decrease in hormone production, and this results in the shedding of the uterine lining during menstruation.

In summary, the luteal phase is focused on the development and maintenance of the corpus luteum, which plays a critical role in regulating the hormonal environment required for pregnancy.