What is the most common side effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

The most common side effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is diuresis. These medications function by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of electrolytes and fluids in the kidneys. By blocking this enzyme, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors promote the excretion of bicarbonate, leading to increased urine output. This process results in diuresis as the kidneys expel more fluid, making it a primary effect observed when using these medications.

While nausea, fatigue, and dry mouth can also occur, they are less characteristic compared to the pronounced diuresis that typically accompanies the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Understanding this mechanism is important for anticipating the side effects in patients who are being treated with these drugs.