What is the primary method of treating cleft lip and palate?

Surgical repair is the primary method of treating cleft lip and palate because it directly addresses the anatomical defect that characterizes these conditions. Cleft lip and palate occur due to incomplete fusion of the facial structures during early fetal development, resulting in openings in the lip and/or the roof of the mouth. Surgery is essential for reconstructing these areas, which not only improves the cosmetic appearance of the child but also facilitates better feeding, speech development, and overall quality of life.

The surgical intervention usually takes place in infancy or early childhood, which allows for optimal outcomes in speech and functionality as the child grows. While speech therapy and orthodontics are important parts of a comprehensive treatment plan for managing the long-term effects after surgery, they do not address the underlying structural issues. Medication may be used in conjunction to manage any associated conditions or complications, but it is not a treatment for the cleft itself. Thus, surgical repair is the foundational step in the management of cleft lip and palate.