What is the primary purpose of defense mechanisms?

The primary purpose of defense mechanisms is to reduce anxiety. When individuals face stress, conflict, or threats, their minds may unconsciously employ defense mechanisms as a way to cope with overwhelming emotions or thoughts. These mechanisms simplify complex emotions and preserve psychological stability by transforming negative feelings into more manageable ones.

For example, a person might use denial to refuse to accept a painful truth, or rationalization to justify feelings and actions that are uncomfortable to confront. By doing so, individuals can shield themselves from excessive anxiety that might arise from confronting harsh realities or unresolved conflicts. Understanding this foundational aspect of psychology helps in recognizing how these mechanisms operate as protective strategies in everyday life, allowing individuals to navigate their experiences with reduced psychological distress.