What might indicate that a person is suffering from peritoneal inflammation?

The presence of rebound tenderness is a classic sign of peritoneal inflammation, often associated with conditions like appendicitis or peritonitis. This symptom is elicited during a physical examination when pressure applied to the abdomen is suddenly released, resulting in increased pain. This reaction suggests irritation or inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining that covers the abdominal cavity.

Elevated heart rate can occur in various conditions that cause pain or stress, and while it can accompany peritoneal inflammation, it is not specific to it. A severe headache is typically related to neurological conditions or other systemic issues, and coughing is not directly indicative of peritoneal inflammation; it can be related to respiratory issues. Thus, rebound tenderness is the most direct and specific indication of peritoneal irritation among the listed options.