What type of skin test is a Mantoux test?

The Mantoux test is an intradermal skin test, which is specifically designed to assess for exposure to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria that causes tuberculosis. During the test, a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) is injected into the dermis, which is the layer of skin just beneath the outer epidermis.

The purpose of this method is to elicit a localized immune response if the individual has been previously sensitized to the tuberculosis antigens. A reaction, characterized by induration and redness at the injection site, typically occurs within 48 to 72 hours, indicating a positive result if certain criteria are met. This method is more effective than other types of tests because it allows for the measurement of the immune response directly at the site of the injection.

The other options, such as intravenous and intramuscular tests, involve different techniques of administration and do not provide the localized response necessary for accurately assessing tuberculosis exposure. A subcutaneous test, although similar in some aspects, refers to injections delivered deeper than the intradermal layer and would not be appropriate for assessing tuberculin sensitivity.