When managing a patient with increased intracranial pressure (ICP), what is the first action a nurse should take regarding the head of the bed?

The first action in managing a patient with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) involves proper positioning of the head of the bed. Elevating the head to 30-45 degrees is vital because this position facilitates venous drainage from the brain, which can help reduce ICP. It promotes better blood circulation and can decrease the pressure within the cranial vault by allowing gravity to assist with venous return.

While positioning the head at a slightly lower angle (10-30 degrees) might also seem beneficial, it may not be as effective in managing increased ICP compared to the more optimal elevation. Keeping the head flat or lowering it would impede venous drainage and potentially exacerbate ICP, which is why those positions are less suitable in this context. Thus, understanding the rationale behind the recommended head positioning is essential for effective ICP management.