Which complication is monitored closely in the first 15 minutes of a transfusion?

During the first 15 minutes of a blood transfusion, the most critical complication to monitor for is a hemolytic transfusion reaction. This type of reaction can occur when there is an incompatibility between the donor blood and the recipient's blood type, leading to the destruction of red blood cells. Symptoms can manifest quickly, often within the first 15 minutes, and may include fever, chills, back pain, dark urine, and tachycardia.

Monitoring during this initial period is crucial because prompt recognition and intervention can significantly mitigate potential complications, including acute kidney injury or shock due to hemolysis. Transfusion protocols commonly emphasize vigilant observation for signs of hemolytic reactions during this early window, making it a key focus of nursing assessments.

Other complications, while important, typically do not present as rapidly as hemolytic transfusion reactions. Conditions such as transfusion-associated circulatory overload or fluid overload often occur later in the transfusion process as volume increases over time. Thus, the heightened risk and rapid onset of symptoms associated with hemolytic reactions make it the primary focus during the initial phase of a transfusion.