Which hormonal imbalance is often seen in Cushing's syndrome?

In Cushing's syndrome, the primary hormonal imbalance involves an excessive production of glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol. This condition can arise due to various factors, including tumors of the adrenal gland or pituitary gland that lead to an overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), stimulating cortisol secretion from the adrenal glands.

The excessive cortisol levels are responsible for the characteristic symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, which can include weight gain, abdominal obesity, moon facies (rounding of the face), skin changes, and increased susceptibility to infections. Understanding this hormonal imbalance is crucial in recognizing the syndrome and implementing the appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies.

The other options do not correctly describe the hormonal profile in Cushing's syndrome. For example, corticosteroid deficiency would imply a lack of cortisol, which is contrary to the pathology of the syndrome. Similarly, insufficient levels of mineralocorticoids and high levels of testosterone do not typify the hormonal abnormalities that present in Cushing's syndrome, making excess glucocorticoids the hallmark feature.