Which of the following best describes ecchymosis?

Ecchymosis best describes a bruise, which is characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath the skin due to trauma or injury. The blood vessels break, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissues, creating that distinctive discolored area. While bluish discoloration of the skin is a key feature of ecchymosis, the term specifically captures the broader concept of a bruise, which can vary in size and may change color over time as it heals.

Other options, such as pinpoint hemorrhages, refer to a different type of bleeding called petechiae, which are much smaller and can indicate other medical conditions. Excessive bleeding from a wound relates more to general hemorrhage rather than the specific bruising or discoloration common to ecchymosis.