Which of the following is a contraindication for IVP?

A contraindication for intravenous pyelogram (IVP) primarily involves situations where the procedure may pose significant risks to the patient. In this case, all listed conditions can interfere with the safety and effectiveness of the IVP.

Being pregnant poses a risk due to the potential effects of radiation on the developing fetus. Because IVP involves the use of X-rays, alternative imaging techniques that do not involve radiation are typically recommended while pregnant.

An allergy to iodine dye is a critical factor because the contrast material used in an IVP contains iodine. Patients with a known allergy to iodine or contrast agents can experience serious allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis. This necessitates careful assessment and alternative imaging methods, such as ultrasound or MRI, which do not use iodinated contrast.

Having renal disease is another significant contraindication. The use of contrast media in patients with impaired kidney function can lead to contrast-induced nephropathy, a condition that can cause further kidney damage or acute kidney injury. Due to this increased risk, alternative imaging options are preferred for those with renal impairment.

Given that all these conditions can compromise patient safety during the IVP procedure, it is clinically appropriate to recognize them as contraindications, making the collective answer of all of the options correct.