Which of the following is a major risk factor for complications during hemodialysis?

Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for complications during hemodialysis due to its impact on the patient’s overall health and its effects on the vascular system. Individuals with diabetes often experience a range of complications, such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and kidney damage, which can worsen the patient's condition and lead to greater challenges during dialysis. Additionally, diabetes can affect how the body processes fluids and electrolytes, making it more challenging to achieve the desired results during treatment and increasing the risk of complications such as hypotension or hyperglycemia during the procedure.

While conditions like low blood sugar, high blood pressure, and obesity can create health challenges and are important to manage, they do not specifically heighten the risks associated with the dialysis process to the same extent that diabetes mellitus does. Therefore, the complications posed by diabetes in the context of hemodialysis make it a major risk factor to consider.