Which of the following may occur as a consequence of excessive fiber intake?

Excessive fiber intake can lead to gas production due to the fermentation process that occurs in the intestines. The human digestive system has difficulty breaking down certain types of fiber, particularly soluble fiber. As these fibers pass into the colon, they are fermented by gut bacteria, leading to the production of gases such as hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide.

While some fiber is essential for digestive health, too much can cause discomfort, bloating, and flatulence as the bacteria produce these gases. This response highlights the importance of balancing fiber intake to maintain digestive health and comfort.

In contrast, other options do not typically result from high fiber consumption in a direct manner. Weight gain is generally related to calorie intake, and while fiber can sometimes help with satiety, excessive intake alone does not cause weight gain. A decrease in appetite also does not directly arise from high fiber consumption, as fiber often increases feelings of fullness rather than decreasing overall appetite. Sodium retention is not typically associated with fiber intake; rather, it relates more to sodium consumption or other dietary factors.