Which of the following skin tones is typically observed in clients with emphysema?

The correct choice reflects the physiological changes associated with emphysema, specifically the impact of decreased oxygen levels in the blood. Clients with emphysema often experience chronic respiratory issues, leading to hypoxemia—an inadequate level of oxygen in the blood. As a result, the skin may take on a bluish tint, which is known as cyanosis. This is due to the increased levels of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the bloodstream, making the skin, particularly around the lips and fingertips, appear blue or purplish.

In contrast, ruddy skin tone may indicate conditions associated with increased blood flow or irritation, pale skin can result from anemia or shock, and yellowish skin tones are typically associated with jaundice, which indicates liver issues or hemolysis. Each of these other options does not specifically relate to the oxygenation problems seen in emphysema, thereby reinforcing why cyanotic skin is the most appropriate observation for these clients.