Which of the following terms describes a surgical procedure for repairing a defect in the heart?

The term that specifically refers to a surgical procedure for repairing a defect in the heart is "cardioplasty." This term encompasses various surgical techniques used to correct structural problems within the heart itself. Cardioplasty may involve the repair or reconstruction of heart valves or the walls of the heart, allowing for improved function and structure.

In contrast to cardioplasty, the other terms refer to different medical procedures. Cardiomyoplasty refers to a surgical technique that involves using muscle from another area of the body to support a weakened heart. A coronary bypass is a procedure that redirects blood flow around a blocked artery in the heart but does not repair structural defects. Lastly, angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure to widen narrowed or obstructed blood vessels, primarily used to treat coronary artery disease, instead of repairing the heart's structure. Therefore, cardioplasty is the most accurate term for surgical repairs made specifically to the heart.