Which organism is responsible for causing shingles?

The organism responsible for causing shingles is the Varicella-zoster virus. This virus is a member of the herpes virus family and is the same virus that causes chickenpox. After an individual has chickenpox, typically during childhood, the virus remains dormant in the nervous system. Later in life, usually when the immune system is weakened due to stress, aging, or certain medical conditions, the virus can reactivate, leading to shingles (herpes zoster). This condition is characterized by a painful rash that often appears on one side of the body or face.

Other viruses listed, such as the influenza virus, rhinovirus, and herpes simplex virus, are responsible for different diseases and do not cause shingles. The influenza virus is known for causing seasonal flu, the rhinovirus is the primary cause of the common cold, and the herpes simplex virus is associated with cold sores and genital herpes. Understanding the specific roles of these viruses helps clarify why Varicella-zoster is the correct choice in this context.