Which two spine deformities are commonly associated with scoliosis?

Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It often coexists with other spinal deformities, making option A, which includes kyphosis and lordosis, the correct answer.

Kyphosis refers to an exaggerated forward rounding of the back, often making it appear hunched. This condition can occur in conjunction with scoliosis because the compensatory posture adjustments made by the body to address the imbalance from scoliosis can lead to an increase in the kyphotic curve.

Lordosis, on the other hand, describes an excessive inward curvature of the spine, usually in the lumbar region. Similar to kyphosis, lordosis can develop as the body tries to compensate for the lateral curve created by scoliosis, further highlighting the interplay of spinal deformities.

The other options discuss conditions that are not typically associated together with scoliosis. For example, spinal stenosis involves the narrowing of the spinal canal, which may not directly relate to the spinal curvatures seen in scoliosis, and while sciatica is nerve pain that can occur due to a variety of spinal issues, it is not a spinal deformity itself. Flat back syndrome, while it may coexist with scoliosis, does not have the same relationship to the